FIGURE 5.
Copper distribution to lipid rafts associates inversely with total cellular copper levels. Analysis of copper levels in lipid rafts isolated from (a) SH-SY5Y cells exposed to differential metal conditions for 3 h, and from (b) brain tissues of copper-deficient 15-month-old female Tg2576 (n = 4) and age-matched non-Tg control (n = 3) mice. Lipid raft copper levels were expressed as a percentage of total cellular or brain tissue copper (mean ± S.E.). Molar ratio of total cellular copper:cholesterol in (c) SH-SY5Y cells exposed to differential copper conditions, and (d) mouse brain tissues. Copper:cholesterol molar ratio in lipid rafts isolated from (e) SH-SY5Y cells exposed to differential copper conditions, and (f) mouse brain tissues. Data represent the results of at least three independent experiments (mean ± S.E.). D, copper-deficient (50 μm BCS and 50 μm d-penicillamine). *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001 compared with untreated SH-SY5Y cells or non-Tg control.