Table 2.

Mediators of OLG cell death.

Mediator	Mechanisms	In vitro/ experimental model	References
FasL	Cell death	hOLG	D’Souza et al., 1996
	Apoptosis	EAE	Heppner et al., 2005
TNFα	Cell death	rOLG	Robbins et al., 1987
	Cell necrosis	mOLG	Selmaj and Raine, 1988
	Apoptosis	hOLG	Jurewicz et al., 2005
	Apoptosis	EAE	Heppner et al., 2005
	Apoptosis	TNF transgenic mice	Akassoglou et al., 1998
Lymphotoxin	Apoptosis	bOLG culture	Selmaj et al., 1991b
TRAIL	Apoptosis	hOLG	Matysiak et al., 2002
IFNγ	Apoptosis	rOLG	Vartanian et al., 1995
	Apoptosis	IFN transgenic mice	Lin et al., 2005
NGF	Apoptosis	rOLG	Casaccia-Bonnefil et al., 1996
	Apoptosis	mOLG	Beattie et al., 2002
CD4+ T cells	Cell lysis	hOLG	Ruijs et al., 1993
	Apoptosis	hOLG	Hestvik et al., 2009
CD8+ T cells	Cell lysis	hOLG	Jurewicz et al., 1998
γδ T Cells	Cell lysis	hOLG	Freedman et al., 1991; Zeine et al., 1998
NK Cells	Cell lysis	hOLG	Morse et al., 2001
Nitric oxide	Cell death	rOLG	Merrill et al., 1993
	Apoptosis	hOLG	Jack et al., 2007
ROS	Apoptosis	hOLG	Jana and Pahan, 2007
Glutamate	Cell death	rOLG	Matute et al., 1997
excitotoxicity	Apoptosis	rOLG	Sanchez-Gomez et al., 2003
	Cell loss	EAE	Pitt et al., 2000
Lytic C5b-9	Cell lysis	rOLG	Wren and Noble, 1989
Perforin	Cell lysis	mOLG	Scolding et al., 1990
	Cel lysis	rOLG	Zeine et al., 2001

Cell lysis: lysis was measured by ⁵¹Cr-release assay or propidium iodide uptake, Cell death: non-apoptotic cell death, Cell loss: mechanism of cell death was not investigated, hOLG: human oligodendrocyte; rOLG: rat oligodendrocyte, mOLG: mouse oligodendrocyte, bOLG: bovine oligodendrocyte, ROS: reactive oxygen species.