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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 2.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Apr 12;462(2):245–253. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.03.034

Figure 6. Progression of Mitophagy, Apoptosis and Necrosis.

Figure 6

Inducers of the MPT include NAD(P)+, GSSG, ROS, Ca2+, and mutations of mtDNA (mtDNAX). As the MPT involves an increasing proportion of mitochondria, cellular responses progress from mitophagy, a repair mechanism, to apoptosis driven by release of cytochrome c and other proapoptotic factors from mitochondria, and finally to necrosis due to ATP depletion. As ATP becomes depleted, mitophagy and apoptosis become inhibited.