Table 3.

Select clinical trials using lipoic acid (LA).

Clinical Trial	Ref.	LA Dose administered to human subjects	Subjects receiving LA	Parameters measured†
Diabetes: ALADIN	[37]	100, 600, or 1200 mg, intravenous for 3 weeks	328	Neuropathic symptoms, HPAL, NDS
Diabetes: ALADIN II	[38]	a) 600 mg, intravenous, for 5 days + 600 mg, orally for 2 years b) 1200 mg, intravenous for 5 days + 1200 mg, orally for 2 years	a) 27 b) 18	NDS, electrophysiological attributes of the sural and tibial nerves
Diabetes: ALADIN III	[39]	a) 600 mg, intravenous, for 3 weeks + 1800 mg (600 mg t.i.d.) for 6 months b) 600 mg, intravenous, for 3 weeks + placebo for 6 months	a) 165 b) 173	TSS, NIS
Diabetes	[40]	a) 600 mg, oral, for 4 weeks b) 1200 mg (600 mg b.i.d.), orally for 4 weeks c) 1800 mg (600 mg t.i.d.), orally for 4 weeks	a) 19 b) 18 c) 18	Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal
Diabetes: ORPIL	[41]	1800 mg (600 mg t.i.d.), orally for 3 weeks	12	TSS, HPAL, NDS
Diabetes: SYDNEY	[42]	600 mg, intravenous, 5 days a week for 14 treatments	60	NCS, TSS, NIS, quantitative sensation test, autonomic test
Diabetes: SYDNEY II	[43]	a) 600 mg, orally for 5 weeks b) 1200 mg, orally for 5 weeks c) 1800 mg, orally for 5 weeks	a) 45 b) 47 c) 46	TSS, NCS, NIS
Diabetes: DEKAN	[44]	800 mg (200 mg q.i.d.), orally for 4 months	39	Cardiac autonomic nerve function
Diabetes	[45]	600 mg/day, orally for 3 months	33	Plasma lipid hydroperoxides, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol
Multiple Sclerosis	[46]	a) 1200 mg q.d. b) 1200 mg (600 mg b.i.d.) c) 2400 mg (1200 mg b.i.d.)	a) 9 b) 7 b) 7	Serum LA, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
Metabolic Syndrome: ISLAND	[47]	300 mg, orally for 4 weeks	15	Endothelial function and proinflammatory markers

^†HPAL = Hamburg Pain Adjective List, NDS = Neuropathy Disability Score, NIS = Neuropathy Impairment Score, NSC = Neuropathic Symptoms and Change Score, TSS = Total Symptom Score