Changes in HP cells in response to Agrobacterium co-cultivation. Control HP cell culture remain characteristic yellowish (a), HP cultures inoculated with A. tumefaciens (b) and with E. coli (c) became dark, while tobacco cells inoculated with A. tumefaciens (d) remain white. Light microscopic view of control HP cells (e), cells inoculated with A. tumefaciens (f) cells inoculated with E. coli (g), and tobacco cells inoculated with A. tumefaciens (h) and the corresponding epifluorescent view of the frames (e1–h1). HP cells remains viable after 3 days of co-cultivation with Agrobacterium, as shown by FDA-PI double staining (green fluorescence indicating viable cells and red fluorescence indicating dead cells). Bar = 125 μm