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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 Dec 25;33(3):475–491. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.12.003

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Blockade effects on emotional reactivity (anger) to acute pain stimulation by anger-out score. Anger-out values plotted are hypothetical values representing one standard deviation (SD) below and above the sample mean. Anger blockade effects (y-axis) reflect naloxone condition changes in anger from baseline to post-pain minus the comparable placebo condition anger reactivity values. Larger positive blockade effects indicate greater endogenous opioid modulation of anger reactivity. CLBP = Chronic Low Back Pain.