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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2009 Jun 26;145(1-2):120–128. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.05.025

Figure 3. Sex differences in activation of the homeostatic afferent, emotional-arousal, and cortical modulatory networks in response to noxious visceral stimulation.

Figure 3

Regions are highlighted as showing significant increases (red), decreases (blue) or no significant change (white) in regional cerebral blood flow during 60-mmHg CRD. Abbreviations: aIns (anterior insula), Cg1 (cingulate cortex, area 1, BA24b [49]), Cg2 (cingulate cortex, area 2, BA24a [49]), dACC (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in human), dlPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in human), iACC (infragenual anterior cingulate cortex in human), IL (infralimbic cortex, BA25 [49]), LCC (locus coeruleus complex), MD (mediodorsal thalamic nucleus), mOFC (medial orbital frontal cortex), PAG (periaqueductal gray), PBN (parabrachial nucleus), pIns (mid/posterior insula), PrL (prelimbic cortex, BA32 [49]), sACC (supragenual anterior cingulate cortex in human), VM (ventromedial thalamic nucleus). Rat brain atlas figures were reproduced with modification from Paxinos and Watson [34] with permission.