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. 2009 Oct 9;85(4):528–535. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.09.006

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Evaluation of the Dental Morphology

(A) Plaster casts of upper and lower teeth. The following abbreviations are used: U, upper; L, lower; I, incisor; C, canine; P, premolar; and M, molar.

(B–D) Variation in shoveling, which refers to the development of marginal ridges on the lingual surfaces of UI1. (B) shows grade 1, (C) shows grade 3, and (D) shows grade 5.

(E–G) Variation in double shoveling, which refers to the development of marginal ridges on the labial surfaces of UI1 (E) grade 1, (F) grade 3, and (G) grade 5. Arrows indicate pronounced mesial marginal ridges.