Table 1.
Summary of substrates used for propagation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.
| Substrate type | Cell source | Substrate | Timeline of study | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feeder layer based | hESCs | Human foreskin fibroblasts | >70 passages | [21–23] |
| Fetal skin cells | 20 passages | [24,25] | ||
| Fetal muscle cells | >50 passages | |||
| Adult skin fibroblasts | >30 passages | |||
| Adult muscle fibroblasts | >30 passages | |||
| Commercially available fetal skin fibroblasts | >25 passages | |||
| Adult fallopian tubal epithelial fibroblasts | >20 passages | |||
| Adult marrow cells | 13 passages | [26] | ||
| Human adult uterine endometrial cells | 90 passages | [27] | ||
| Human adult breast parenchymal cells | 50 passages | |||
| Human embryonic fibroblasts | 80 passages | |||
| Human placental fibroblasts | >25 passages | [28,29] | ||
| hESC-derived fibroblasts | 44 passages | [30,154] | ||
| 30–52 passages | ||||
| Natural substrates | mESCs | LIF immobilized on gelatin | 6 days | [41] |
| Gelatin-coated polyamide nanofibers | 3 days | [155] | ||
| hESCs | Matrigel™ | ∼130 passages | [47] | |
| Human serum | >27 passages | [51] | ||
| Mouse embryonic fibroblasts ECM | >30 passages | [156] | ||
| Hyaluronic acid | 20 days | [52] | ||
| Synthetic substrates | mESCs | Hydroxyapatite polymers | 48 h (time required for colonization) |
[59,60] |
| Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) | 4 days | [61] | ||
| LIF-immobilized PET fibers | 72–96 h | [63] | ||
| Gelatin-immobilized PET fibers | 15 days | [64] | ||
| hESCs | Poly-(glycerolcosebacate)-acrylate | 1 week | [65] | |
| Polyurethane microwells | >21 days | [68] | ||
| Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) SIPN | 5 days | [69] | ||
ECM: Extracellular matrix; hESC: Human embryonic stem cell; LIF: Leukemia inhibitory factor; mESC: Mouse embryonic stem cell; PET: Polyethylene terphthalate; SIPN: Semi-interpenetrating polymer network.