Table 2.
Unadjusted associations of baseline covariates with 5-year mortality, Health ABC study
| Total Mortality HR (95% CI) | CVD Mortality* HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, per year | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | 1.06 (1.01–1.10) |
| Female sex (vs. male) | 0.60 (0.52–0.70) | 0.63 (0.49–0.81) |
| Black race (vs. Whites) | 1.48 (1.27–1.72) | 1.57 (1.22–2.02) |
| Study site Pittsburgh (vs. Memphis) | 0.83 (0.72–0.97) | 0.80 (0.62–1.02) |
| Current Smoker (vs. never/past) | 2.17 (1.78–2.64) | 1.95 (1.39–2.72) |
| Alcohol use (any vs. none) | 0.87 (0.74–1.01) | 0.95 (0.74–1.22) |
| Comorbid Diseases: | ||
| Asthma/COPD | 1.29 (1.01–1.64) | 1.49 (1.03–2.18) |
| Cancer | 1.14 (0.97–1.33) | 1.07 (0.77–1.48) |
| Congestive heart failure | 3.65 (2.76–4.83) | 5.92 (4.06–8.63) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.76 (1.50–2.07) | 2.41 (1.86–3.11) |
| Diabetes | 1.62 (1.37–1.89) | 1.72 (1.31–2.23) |
| Hypertension | 1.31 (1.09–1.58) | 1.69 (1.27–2.24) |
| Stroke/TIA | 1.70 (1.34–2.14) | 1.77 (1.21–2.58) |
| Current Medication Use: | ||
| ACE inhibitor | 1.41 (1.16–1.71) | 1.76 (1.31–2.37) |
| Aspirin | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 1.29 (1.00–1.66) |
| Beta-blocker | 1.04 (0.84–1.30) | 1.36 (0.98–1.88) |
| Diuretic | 1.22 (1.03–1.44) | 1.76 (1.36–2.28) |
| Estrogen (oral) | 0.44 (0.32–0.61) | 0.43 (0.25–0.74) |
| Insulin | 1.80 (1.32–2.46) | 1.72 (1.02–2.90) |
| Statin | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) | 1.28 (0.91–1.80) |
| Thiazolidenedione | 0.71 (0.18–2.83) | 0.95 (0.13–6.75) |
| Laboratory Values: | ||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL** | 0.85 (0.78–0.92) | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL† | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 0.85 (0.65–1.12) |
| HDL-cholestorol, mg/dL† | 0.68 (0.53–0.88) | 0.58 (0.38–0.89) |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL** | 0.88 (0.82–0.96) | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL† | 1.89 (1.43–2.48) | 2.47 (1.61–3.77) |
| 2-hour glucose, mg/dL† | 1.35 (1.07–1.71) | 1.32 (0.89–1.96) |
| Fasting insulin, μU/ml† | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 0.91 (0.72–1.16) |
| Albumin, g/L** | 0.87 (0.80–0.94) | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) |
| Cystatin C, mg/L** | 1.21 (1.17–1.25) | 1.20 (1.14–1.27) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L† | 1.35 (1.24–1.47) | 1.23 (1.07–1.42) |
| Adiponectin, μg/ml** | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) | 1.14 (0.99–1.31) |
| Body Composition**: | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) |
| Abd visceral fat area, cm2 | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 1.08 (0.95–1.22) |
| Thigh intermuscular fat area, cm2 | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) |
| Thigh total muscle area, cm2 | 1.05 (0.98–1.14) | 1.05 (0.92–1.18) |
*
Cardiovascular disease mortality includes all CHD, all stroke, and all CVD deaths combined
**
analyzed per standard deviation increase;
†
analyzed as natural log