TABLE 2.
Serum 25(OH)D and BMD by Hispanic ethnic group.
| Mean ± Standard Deviation or N (Percent) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Puerto Rican (N = 121) | Dominican Republic (N = 82) | Central American (N = 82) | South American (N = 73) | p-value† |
| Mean 25(OH)D, ng/mL* | 33.0 ± 16.3 | 36.7 ± 23.6 | 35.0 ± 13.7 | 36.4 ± 19.1 | 0.48 |
| 25(OH)D category | < 0.01 | ||||
| Deficient, <20 ng/mL | 30 (26.1%)c,d | 15 (21.1%)d | 8 (10.8%)a | 6 (8.5%)a,b | |
| Insufficient, 20–30 ng/mL | 21 (18.3%) | 19 (26.8%) | 18 (24.3%) | 21 (29.6%) | |
| Sufficient, >30 ng/mL | 64 (55.6%) | 37 (52.1%) | 48 (64.86%) | 44 (62.0%) | |
| Mean femoral neck BMD, g/cm2 | 0.88 ± 0.16 | 0.87 ± 0.14 | 0.89 ± 0.12d | 0.84 ± 0.12c | 0.14 |
| Femoral neck BMD category | 0.05 | ||||
| Low BMD, T-score < −1 SD | 40 (33.1%) | 23 (28.1%) | 17 (20.7%)d | 30 (41.1%)c | |
| Normal BMD, T-score ≥ −1 SD | 81 (66.9%) | 59 (72.0%) | 65 (79.3%) | 43 (58.9%) | |
| Mean total hip BMD, g/cm2 | 1.02 ± 0.17d | 1.03 ± 0.15d | 1.03 ± 0.13d | 0.97 ± 0.11a,b,c | 0.05 |
| Total hip BMD category | 0.19 | ||||
| Low BMD, T-score < −1 SD | 24 (19.8%) | 15 (18.3%) | 10 (12.2%)d | 19 (26.0%)c | |
| Normal BMD, T-score ≥ −1 SD | 97 (80.2%) | 67 (81.7%) | 72 (87.8%) | 54 (74.0%) | |
| Femoral neck or total hip BMD category‡ | 0.05 | ||||
| Low BMD, T-score < −1 SD | 41 (33.9%) | 24 (29.3%) | 19 (23.2%)d | 32 (43.8%)c | |
| Normal BMD, T-score ≥ −1 SD | 80 (66.1%) | 58 (70.7%) | 63 (76.8%) | 41 (56.2%) | |
*
To convert 25(OH)D to nmol/L, multiply values by 2.496. There are n = 331 subjects with non-missing 25(OH)D data.
†
p-value from Wald test for the null hypothesis of no difference among Hispanic subgroups. For the 25(OH)D category row, the outcome was deficient vs. others. Superscripted letters refer to Wald tests for the null hypothesis of no pairwise (mean) difference between specific Hispanic subgroups (obtained with CONTRAST statements in PROC GENMOD).
‡
Met criterion for low BMD on either femoral neck or total hip BMD.
a
p < 0.05 vs. Puerto Rican
b
p < 0.05 vs. Dominican Republic
c
p < 0.05 vs. Central American
d
p < 0.05 vs. South American