Table I.

ER binding data for the seventeen plant species used in Costa Rica for the treatment of menopause (tested at 50 μg/ml). Median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was obtained only for those plant extracts displacing 3H-estradiol from the receptor site at >50% at 50 μg/ml.

Genus species citation	Date and voucher number	Family	Part	ERα	ERβ	IC50 ERβ (μg/ml)
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr	AC416; 04/10/06	Bromeliaceae	Peel	19% ± 11.2	21% ± 13.4	NT
Artemisia absinthium L.	BDTL102; 08/12/05	Asteraceae	Leaves	49% ± 4.6	55% ± 11.8	48.7
Brosimum alicastrum Sw.	AC1105, 10/01/05	Moraceae	Fruit	48% ± 11.6	49% ± 14.3	NT
Buddleja verticillata Kunth.	BDTL104;08/25/05	Buddlejaceae	Leaves	41% ± 5.5	43% ± 9.9	NT
Citrus aurantium L.	TLBD105 8/25/05	Rutaceae	Leaves	2% ± 10.0	26% ± 21	NT
Dioscorea villosa L.	AC1044;10/05/06	Dioscoreaceae	Root	49% ± 14.2	43% ± 13.1	NT
Equisetum bogotense Kunth.	GM1004; 06/30/05	Equisetaceae	Leaves	11% ± 8.0	15% ± 7.5	NT
Euphorbia lancifolia Schldtl	AC1106;10/01/05	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves	1% ± 4.4	7% ± 10.9	NT
Hamelia patens Jacq	TLBD106;08/12/05	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves	23% ± 10.0	31% ± 14.4	NT
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.	TL101;08/12/05	Malvaceae	calices	38% ± 4.5	56% ± 12.4	45.5
Phlebodium aureum (L) J. Smith	AC417; 04/10/06	Polypodiaceae	Rhizomes	5% ± 4.6	5% ± 17.7	NT
Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.	BD101;9/10/05	Myrtaceae	Leaves	71% ± 19.8	80% ± 22.4	20.1
Plantago major L.	TLBD106;8/30/05	Plantaginaceae	Leaves	49% ± 7.0	53% ± 11.7	49.3
Punica granatum L.	AC420;04/10/06	Punicaceae	Seeds	20% ± 4.6	39% ± 4.6	NT
Smilax domingensis Willd.	AC418;04/10/06	Smilacaceae	Rhizomes	67% ± 15.0	85% ± 21.3	18.8
Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.	GM1008;06/30/05	Asteraceae	Leaves	60% ± 20.2	71% ± 19.1	30.4
Zingiber officinale Roscoe	AC428;10/01/05	Zingiberaceae	Rhizomes	47% ± 20.0	15% ± 12.1	NT

NT = Not Tested