Table 3.

Studies showing different methods of blastocyst pre-vitrification interventions and their outcome parameters

Blastocoele Evacuation
Authors, year	Species	Method	Intervention Sample size	Outcome parameter	Intervention	Control
Vanderzwalmen et al. 2002[37]	Human	Micro-needle puncture	N = 75	Survival rate	70.6%	20.3%
				Pregnancy rate	20.5%	4.5%
				Implantation rate	18.4%	7.1%
Son et al. 2003[43]	Human	Micro-needle puncture	N = 90	Survival rate	90.0%	---
				Pregnancy rate	48.0%	---
				Implantation rate	29.0%	---
Hiraoka et al. 2004[44]	Human	Micropipetting	N = 48	Survival rate	98.0%	---
				Pregnancy rate	50.0%	---
				Implantation rate	33.0%	---
Chen et al. 2005[42]	Mice	Microsuction	N = 108	Survival rate	92.0%	80.0%
Mukaida et al. 2006[41]	Human	Microneedle puncture	N = 462	Survival rate	97.2%	85.0%
				Pregnancy rate	60.2%	34.1%
				Implantation rate	46.5%	---
Mukaida et al. 2006[41]	Human	Laser pulse	N = 40	Survival rate	97.5%	85.0%
				Pregnancy rate	61.5%	34.1%
				Implantation rate	48.6%	---
Kader et al. 2009[45]	Mice	Microsuction	N = 22	DNA integrity index	90.1%	77.6%
Zonal Hatching
Author, year	Species	Method	Intervention Sample size	Outcome parameter	Intervention	Control
Zech et al. 2005[40]	Human	Spontaneous and Assisted (Mechanically)	N = 38	Survival rate	82%	64%
				Pregnancy rate	35%	21%
				Implantation rate	26%	12%
Kader et al. 2009[45]	Mice	Assisted (Acidified Tyrod's)	N = 16	DNA integrity index	94.6%	84.4%
		Spontaneous	N = 12	DNA integrity index	88.5%	77.6%