. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 5.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Dyslexia. 2009 Apr 25;59(1):34–54. doi: 10.1007/s11881-009-0022-0

Table 2.

Means, standard deviations, significant differences, and effect sizes on fluency measures

Measure	TD		S-RCD		GRD		ES	ES	ES
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	TD v. S-RCD	TD v. GRD	S-RCD v. GRD
TOWRE sight words	102.52	8.34^*	101.12	8.14^***	85.11	8.94	0.17	2.02	1.87
TOWRE phonemic decoding	102.81	8.78^*	99.76	6.24^***	77.89	8.80	0.40	2.84	2.87
GORT-4 fluency^a	11.33	2.76^,^*	8.18	2.22^***	3.67	2.40	1.26	2.96	1.95

GORT-4 fluency score is based on a scaled score, mean=10, SD±3; all other scores are based on a standard score, mean=100, SD±15

p<0.05 TD versus GRD;

^**

p<0.05 TD versus S-RCD;

^***

p<0.05 GRD versus S-RCD