. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 5.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Dyslexia. 2009 Apr 25;59(1):34–54. doi: 10.1007/s11881-009-0022-0

Table 3.

Means, standard deviations, significant differences, and effect sizes on oral language measures

Measure	TD		S-RCD		GRD		ES	ES	ES
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	TD v. S-RCD	TD v. GRD	S-RCD v. GRD
PPVT-III	117.81	12.89^,^*	101.29	11.97	101.67	13.69	1.33	1.22	0.03
Sentence combining^a	9.81	3.09	8.35	2.29	8.33	2.80	0.54	0.50	0.01
Grammatic comprehension^a	11.81	1.89^*	10.65	3.86	8.72	2.32	0.38	1.46	0.61
Ambiguous sentences^a	9.90	3.13^,^*	7.47	3.22	6.11	2.50	0.77	1.34	0.47
Making inferences^a	10.24	2.34^,^*	7.71	2.14	7.39	2.33	1.13	1.22	0.14

Ambiguous sentences, making inferences, sentence combining, and grammatic comprehension scores are based on scaled scores, mean=10, SD±3; PPVT-III score is based on a standard score, mean=100, SD±15

p<0.05 TD versus GRD;

^**

p<0.05 TD versus S-RCD;

^***

p<0.05 GRD versus S-RCD