miR-331-3p decreases ERBB-2 protein expression and signaling, and blocks PSA expression and promoter activity in LNCaP cells. A, LNCaP cells were transfected with miR-NC or miR-331-3p (30 nm) for 48 h and serum starved for 24 h thereafter, followed by stimulation ± heregulin (HRG; 50 ng/ml) for 20 min. Cell lysates were analyzed for total ERBB-2, phospho-ERBB-2, AR, total AKT, and phospho-AKT expression by immunoblotting. B, LNCaP cells were transfected with miR-331-3p for 48 h and treated ± DHT (10 nm) and ± bicalutamide (10 μm). Total PSA expression was determined by immunoblotting. C, LNCaP cells were co-transfected with a PSA-luciferase vector (PSA-LUC) and thymidine kinase-Renilla vector and with miR-NC or miR-331-3p (1 nm). Relative luciferase expression (firefly normalized to Renilla) values are expressed as a ratio of miR-NC-transfected cells (±S.D.). Asterisk indicates significant difference between miR-NC transfected control cells (p < 0.05). Error bars represent confidence intervals (CI = 0.95).