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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 29;15(19):5950–5955. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-3205
Single arm phase II Integrated II/III
Randomized phase II Futility based on OS
E[N]=n1+(M)P{continuing} E[N]=n1+(M-n1)P{continuing}
E[T]= t1 +f1+(M/a+fo)P{continuing} E[T]= t1 +f1+(M/a-t1+fo)P{continuing}