. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 5.

Published in final edited form as: Soc Work Ment Health. 2008 May 1;6(4):30–54. doi: 10.1080/15332980802032409

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of parents on independent and dependent variables

Variable	M	SD	Range
Child externalizing behavior	36.3	8.41	26–75
Parental mental health	67.6	8.95	41–80
Uplifts	113.6	22.50	49–152
Hassles	54.4	15.16	31–105
Parental involvement	14.4	1.20	6–15
Parental effectiveness	8.7	1.24	4–10
Racial socialization
Cultural pride reinforcement	23.0	2.70	7–28
Extended family caring	29.8	3.34	9–36
Racism awareness teaching	22.7	4.13	6–24
Spiritual and religious coping	22.7	3.17	7–28