Table 2.

Parental behavioral changes.

	Intervention group (IG) (n = 70)					Control group (CG) (n = 66)
	Baseline		Follow-up			Baseline		Follow-up
	N	%	N	%	P-value	N	%	N	%	P-value
Parental behaviors when infant’s wake and cry at midnight (multiple answers, n = 131; IG = 66; CG = 65)
Wait for awhile without responding	33	50.0*	42	63.6	0.108	20	30.8	32	49.2	0.017
Feed or check diaper promptly†	44	66.7	24	36.4*	<0.001	52	80.0	35	53.8	<0.001
Hold and soothe immediately†	15	22.7	7	10.6**	0.021	18	27.7	18	27.7	1.000
Check infantís bed and/or clothes	9	13.6	16	24.2	0.118	9	13.8	12	18.5	0.581
Others	4	6.1	19	28.8	0.001	7	10.8	12	18.5	0.302
Efforts to encourage good sleep in infant (multiple answers, n = 136)
Wake infant longer in the daytime	9	12.9	9	12.9	1.000	11	16.7	3	4.5	0.039
Play with infant or stimulate in the daytime	19	27.1	34	48.6	0.003	23	34.8	27	40.9	0.481
Set regular bedtimes for daytime naps	1	1.4	2	2.9	1.000	1	1.5	4	6.1	0.375
Settle to sleep at the same place	28	40.0	43	61.4**	0.008	23	34.8	26	39.4	0.508
Set regular bedtime and waking time	14	20.0	28	40.0*	0.007	12	18.2	16	24.2	0.424
Make the bedroom dark and quiet	52	74.3**	56	80.0	0.344	38	57.6	50	75.8	0.008
Feed fully and check diaper before bedtime	54	77.1	50	71.4	0.523	52	78.8	49	74.2	0.607
Being present at bedtime to help infant go to sleep†	42	60.0	43	61.4	1.000	32	48.5	37	56.1	0.405
Letting infant fall asleep alone	2	2.9	7	10.0	0.125	5	7.6	2	3.0	0.250
Setting bedtime routines	4	5.7	4	5.7	1.000	5	7.6	9	13.6	0.289
Placing stuffed toys and/or towel next to infant at bedtime/during sleep	2	2.9	8	11.4	0.070	3	4.5	5	7.6	0.625
Others	3	4.3	5	7.1	0.625	6	9.1	4	6.1	0.727
None of the above	3	4.3	1	1.4	0.500	3	4.5	3	4.5	1.000

McNemar’s test was used for pre/post comparison with each group. χ² test was used for comparison between the two groups.

* P <0.10;

** P <0.05 vs control group.

† Undesirable behaviors for infant good sleep.