Table 4.

Baseline changes in whole brain arachidonic acid cascade markers after chronic administration of each of four mood stabilizers to rats

Target	Lithium	Carbamazepine	Sodium valproate	Lamotrigine
Fatty acid kinetics
AA turnover in phospholipids	↓(Chang et al., 1996; Rapoport and Bosetti, 2002)	↓(Bazinet et al., 2006a)	↓(Chang et al., 2001)	Nc(Lee et al., 2007a)
AA-CoA concentration	↓(Chang et al., 1999)	↓(Bazinet et al., 2006a)	Nc(Chang et al., 2001)	Nc(Lee et al., 2007a)
AA incorporation coefficient k*	Nc(Basselin et al., 2005b)	Nc(Bazinet et al., 2006a)	↑(Chang et al., 2001)	↓(Lee et al., 2007a)
DHA turnover in phospholipids	Nc(Chang et al., 1999)	Nc(Bazinet et al., 2006a)	Nc(Bazinet et al., 2005)	?
17-OH-DHA concentration	↑(Basselin et al., Unpublished observations)	?	?	?
Palmitate turnover in phospholipids	Nc(Chang et al., 1999)	?	?	?
Enzymes
cPLA2 IVA	↓(Rintala et al., 1999; Weerasinghe et al., 2004)	↓(Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	Nc(Bosetti et al., 2003; Chang et al., 2001)	Nc(Lee et al., 2008a)
SPLA2 IIA	Nc(Weerasinghe et al., 2004)	Nc(Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	Nc(Bosetti et al., 2003)	Nc(Lee et al., 2008a)
iPLA2 VIA	Nc(Bosetti et al., 2002a; Rintala et al., 1999)	Nc(Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	Nc(Bosetti et al., 2003)	Nc(Lee et al., 2008a)
Acyl-CoA synthetase	?	?	↓(Bazinet et al., 2006b)	?
COX-1	Nc(Bosetti et al., 2002a)	Nc(Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	↓(Bosetti et al., 2003)	Nc(Lee et al., 2008a)
COX-2	↓(Bosetti et al., 2002a)	↓(Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	↓(Bosetti et al., 2003; Rao et al., 2007a)	↓(Lee et al., 2008a)
5-LOX	Nc(Weerasinghe et al., 2004)	Nc(Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	Nc(Bosetti et al., 2003)	?
Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase	Nc(Weerasinghe et al., 2004)	Nc(Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	Nc(Bosetti et al., 2003)	?
mPGES-1	Nc(Weerasinghe et al., 2004)	?	?	?
Eicosanoids
PGE2	↓(Basselin et al., 2007b; Bosetti et al., 2002a)	↓(Basselin et al., 2007a; Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	↓(Basselin et al., 2008a; Bosetti et al., 2003)	?
TXB2	(Basselin et al., 2007b)	Nc or ↓(Basselin et al., 2007a; Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	Nc(Bosetti et al., 2003)	?
Leukotriene B4	?	Nc(Ghelardoni et al., 2004)	Nc(Bosetti et al., 2003)	?
Transcription Factors
AP-2	↓(Rao et al., 2005)	↓(Rao et al., 2007b)	Nc(Rao et al., 2007a)	?
AP-1	↑(Ozaki and Chuang, 1997; Rao et al., 2005)	Nc(Rao et al., 2007b)	↑(Chen et al., 1997; Rao et al., 2007a)	?
GRE	Nc(Rao et al., 2005)	Nc(Rao et al., 2007b)	Nc(Rao et al., 2007a)	?
PEA3	Nc(Rao et al., 2005)	Nc(Rao et al., 2007b)	Nc(Rao et al., 2007a)	?
NF-κB	Nc(Rao et al., 2005)	Nc(Rao et al., 2007b)	↓(Rao et al., 2007a)	?

Abbreviations: AP, activator protein; GRE, glucocorticoid response element; Nc, no significant change; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; PEA, polyoma enhancer activator; cPLA₂, cytosolic phospholipase A₂; sPLA₂, secretory PLA₂; iPLA₂, Ca²⁺-independent PLA₂; COX, cyclooxygenase; LOX, lipoxygenase; mPGES, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase