Table 2.
Baseline arthritis |
|||
---|---|---|---|
Baseline (1998) characteristics |
Yes (n = 4,450) |
No (n = 3,308) |
P† |
Demographic factors | |||
Race/ethnicity | |||
White | 86.6 | 87.4 | 0.071 |
African American | 7.9 | 6.2 | |
Hispanic | 4.0 | 4.7 | |
Other | 1.5 | 1.6 | |
Female sex | 63.8 | 53.5 | < 0.001 |
Age, years | |||
65–74 | 55.8 | 61.4 | < 0.001 |
75–84 | 36.6 | 33.3 | |
≥85 | 7.6 | 5.3 | |
Not married | 45.5 | 40.5 | 0.001 |
Live alone | 33.6 | 30.0 | 0.015 |
Health factors | |||
Chronic conditions | |||
None | 14.7 | 22.6 | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 14.2 | 12.2 | 0.003 |
Depressive symptoms | 36.5 | 29.1 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 15.4 | 11.4 | < 0.001 |
Heart disease | 26.2 | 18.1 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 53.9 | 45.6 | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary disease | 11.3 | 6.5 | < 0.001 |
Obesity | 20.2 | 12.2 | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 7.1 | 6.5 | 0.258 |
Vision (poor/legally blind) | 5.6 | 3.6 | 0.003 |
Higher level limitation(s) | |||
Physical | 31.8 | 22.0 | < 0.001 |
IADL | 7.2 | 4.0 | < 0.001 |
Behavioral factors | |||
Current smoking | 9.7 | 12.1 | 0.005 |
Alcohol use ≥3 drinks/day | 1.7 | 2.7 | 0.012 |
Lack of RVPA | 59.5 | 50.9 | < 0.001 |
Medical access factors | |||
Education <12 years | 31.0 | 26.6 | < 0.001 |
Household income in the lowest quartile | 31.8 | 24.4 | < 0.001 |
Family wealth in the lowest quartile | 22.7 | 17.0 | < 0.001 |
Health insurance | |||
Medicare only | 55.0 | 54.3 | < 0.001 |
Private | 36.3 | 39.6 | |
Other government | 8.0 | 5.2 | |
None or missing | 0.7 | 0.9 |
Values are the population percentage unless otherwise indicated. See Table 1 for definitions.
Chi-square test.