Figure 1. Minimal T cell activation following infection with wild-type or recombinant CVB3.

Mice were infected with wtCVB3, rCVB3.6, or LCMV as a positive control, and the extent of T cell activation was analyzed on day 8. (A) CD44 and CD62L expression profiles of CD8⁺ or CD4⁺ splenocytes were compared for naïve and virus-infected mice. Representative histograms are gated on CD8⁺ or CD4⁺ cells, and the numbers indicate the proportion of cells that are CD44^hi or CD62L^lo. The frequency of CD44^hi (B) or CD62L^lo (C) CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen was determined for each group of mice. (D) The capacity of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells to produce IFNγ was evaluated following simulation with PMA and ionomycin and ICCS. The percentage of CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells that produce IFNγ is shown. All data are representative of 2 independent experiments, and show the mean+SE for 3 mice per group. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, compared to the naïve (uninfected) control.