Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with Candida and non-fungal endocarditis from the International Collaboration of endocarditis (ICE) Database (n=2749)
| Characteristic | Level |
Candida n =33(%) |
Non-fungal n=2716 (%) |
P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Mean ± SD | 54.9 ±18.95 | 56.7 ±17.84 | 0.58 |
| Gender | Male | 17(51.5) | 1844(67.9) | 0.04 |
| Female | 16(48.5) | 859 (31.6) | ||
| Missing | 0(0.5) | 14 (0.5) | ||
| Hemodialysis | Yes | 2 (6) | 218(8) | 0.68 |
| No | 31(94) | 2259(83.2) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 17(0.6) | ||
| Diabetes | Yes | 7(21.2) | 440(16.2) | 0.45 |
| No | 26(78.8) | 2285(83.1) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 17(0.6) | ||
| Current IVDA | Yes | 4(12.1) | 262(9.7) | 0.60 |
| No | 28(84.9) | 2449(89) | ||
| Missing | 1(3) | 33(1.2) | ||
| HIV | Yes | 3(9) | 54(2) | 0.005 |
| No | 30(90.9) | 2639(96.8) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 32(1.2) | ||
| Malignancy | Yes | 2(6) | 227(8.4) | 0.63 |
| No | 31(94) | 2480(91) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 9(0.3) | ||
| Chronic Immunosuppressives | Yes | 5(15.2) | 156(5.7) | 0.023 |
| No | 28(84.9) | 2530(93) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 30(1.1) | ||
| Congenital Heart Disease | Yes | 4(12.1) | 300(11) | 0.82 |
| No | 27(81.8) | 2294(84.5) | ||
| Missing | 2(6) | 122(4.5) | ||
| Type of IE | Native | 15(45.5) | 1875(69) | 0.0005 |
| Prosthetic | 16(48.8) | 533(19.6) | ||
| Other | 2(6) | 169(6.2) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 139(5.1) | ||
| Recent Dental Procedures | Yes | 1(3) | 216(8) | 0.27 |
| No | 27(81.8) | 2011(741) | ||
| Missing | 5(15.2) | 489(18) | ||
| CABGb | Yes | 2(22.2) | 18(3.7) | 0.007 |
| No | 7(77.8) | 447(92.4) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 19(3.9) | ||
| Chronic Indwelling Catheter | Yes | 3(9.1) | 132(4.9) | 0.26 |
| No | 30(90.9) | 2566(94.5) | ||
| Missing | 0(0) | 18(0.7) | ||
| Short term Indwelling Catheter | Yes | 7(21.2) | 119(4.4) | <0.0001 |
| No | 26(78.8) | 2567(94.5) | ||
| Missing | 0(0) | 24(0.88) | ||
| Endocavitary Devicec | Yes | 6(18.2) | 305(11.2) | 0.65 |
| No | 27(81.8) | 2411(88.8) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 19(3.9) | ||
| Previous IE | Yes | 7(21.2) | 213(7.8) | 0.005 |
| No | 26(78.8) | 2502(92.1) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 1(0.04) | ||
| Healthcare Associated | Yes | 17(51.5) | 702(25.8) | 0.0009 |
| No | 16(48.5) | 2014(74.1) |
a
P-values were obtained by Chi Square or Fischer’s exact methods.
b
Among patients who had an invasive procedure within 60 days prior to onset of symptoms
c
Refers to pacemakers, intracardiac defibrillators, or other.
SD=standard deviation; IVDA=intravenous drug abuse; IE=infective endocarditis; CABG=coronary artery bypass grafting