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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 6.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Neurol. 2008 Oct;64(4):417–427. doi: 10.1002/ana.21457

Figure 4. Shh downstream transcription factor Gli1 is down-regulated in EAE and MS.

Figure 4

(A) Real-time PCR analysis for Gli1 mRNA expression of naive (n=6, number of mice) and EAE lumbosacral section of the spinal cords on days 9–10 (before onset, n=5), 16 (n=2) and 20 (n=4) (acute phase) and 30 (chronic phase, n=3) after immunization. (B) Immunofluorescence staining for Gli1 (green) in spinal cord white matter OPCs (NG2+, red) from naive and EAE on days 18 (peak) and 30 (chronic phase) after immunization. (C) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Gli1 expression profile analysis on NG2+ OPCs from naive (n=41, number of cells) and EAE on days 18 (n=40) and 30 (n=40) after immunization. ***p<0.0001 by unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction. (D) H&E staining of an active lesion from MS patient and normal brain tissues. The area of perivascular infiltration is indicated by the arrowhead. Immunofluorescence staining shows reduction of MBP (green) expression in the demyelinated lesion. Nuclei were counterstained by TO-PRO-3 (blue). Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Real-time PCR analysis on the active (n=3), chronic active (n=9) and inactive (n=5) MS lesions and normal brain tissues reveals that Gli1 is up-regulated in the active lesions, but down-regulated in the chronic active and inactive MS lesions. * p<0.05, ** p< 0.01, by Mann Whitney test.