FIGURE 1.

Human Mal carrying the D96N mutation is unable to activate either NF-κB or IRF5. HEK293T cells were transfected with different variants of Mal and either NF-κB luciferase (A) or IRF5 and ISRE-luciferase reporters (B). 48 h post-transfection, lysates were analyzed for luciferase activity. Renilla-luciferase activity was used to normalize for transfection efficiency. Results are reported as the mean of triplicate determinations ±S.D. Each graph is representative of three (A) or two (B) independent experiments. RLU, relative luciferase units.