Effect of alcohol exposure and NAP and SAL treatment on the number of serotonin (5-HT)-immunostained (5-HT-im) neurons in the rostral raphe. The 5-HT-im neurons were counted in dorsal raphe and median raphe, and B9 group. Alcohol reduced the number of 5-HT-im neurons in the rostral raphe; treatment with SAL significantly protected against the alcohol induced reduction of 5-HT-im neurons (*significantly different from comparison group, p < 0.05; **significantly different from comparison group, p<0.01). SAL, activity-dependent neurotrophic factor agonist peptide (SALLRSIPA); NAP, activity-dependent neurotrophic protein agonist peptide (NAPVSIPQ).