Fig. 1.

Modulation of various cell death pathways by curcumin. Targets up-regulated by curcumin are in a blue box, those down-regulated are in a yellow box, and those unaffected are in a white box. AP-1 activator protein-1, AMPK 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, BID BH3 interacting domain death agonist, BIM BCL2-like 11 (apoptosis facilitator), cFLIP cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein, FADD Fas-associated protein with Death Domain, DR4 death receptor 4, DR5 death receptor 5, EGFR epithelial growth factor receptor, IAP inhibitor of apoptosis protein, IL-6 interleukin-6, JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase, mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin, NF-kB nuclear factor-kB, PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase, STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, XIAP X-linked IAP