Figure 1.

Overview of interlinked cellular signaling pathways involved in the proliferation and progression of colorectal cancer. Agents targeting signaling proteins that have been evaluated or are currently being evaluated in phase II, III, or IV clinical trials for colorectal cancer are shown. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–related family of receptor tyrosine kinases includes human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1), EGFR, or c-erbB1; HER2 or c-erbB2; HER3 or c-erbB3; and HER4 or c-erbB4. C-MET = mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor; EGF = epidermal growth factor; HDAC = histone deacetylases; HGF = hepatocyte growth factor; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-I; IGF-1R = insulin-like growth factor-I receptor; IR = insulin receptor; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF-R = vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.