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. 2009 Oct 23;5(10):e1000702. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000702

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Wojtasz et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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SYCP3, HORMAD1 and either γH2AX (A, columns 1 and 2) or SYCP1 (A, columns 3–5, B and C) were detected by IF on nuclear surface spreads of WT spermatocytes. Bars, 10 µm. (A) HORMAD1 preferentially associates with unsynapsed chromosome axes (arrowheads). During leptotene and zygotene HORMAD1-enriched chromosome axes overlap with γH2AX-enriched chromatin (columns 1 and 2). Arrows point to synapsed axes in columns 3 and 5. Asterisks mark sex chromosomes in columns 4 and 5. (B) Enlarged view of autosomes and sex chromosomes during pachytene. High levels of HORMAD1 are present on unsynapsed regions of X and Y chromosomes. HORMAD1 signal is reduced more on synapsed autosomes (arrow) than on synapsed regions of sex chromosomes (arrowhead). (C) Enlarged view of zygotene chromosomes. HORMAD1 does not accumulate on SYCP3-rich ends of unsynapsed AEs in the majority of cases (arrows).