Table 5.
Selected pregnancy outcomes associated with first subsequent birth among childhood cancer survivors (n=892) and a comparison group, stratified by diagnostic characteristics.
| Relative Risk (95% CI)1 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Primary C-section |
Maternal Diabetes |
Maternal Anemia |
Gestation <37 weeks |
Birth weight <2500 g2 |
|
| Cancer type | ||||||
| Leukemia | 0.97 (0.59-1.60) |
1.47 (0.37-5.83) |
2.14 (0.82-5.60) |
2.55 (1.78-3.64) |
1.47 (1.04-2.10) |
|
| Lymphoma | 1.04 (0.75-1.43) |
0.41 (0.06-2.95) |
1.00 (0.34-2.97) |
1.78 (1.27-2.49) |
1.01 (0.69-1.48) |
|
| Central nervous system |
0.85 (0.48-1.49) |
1.22 (0.16-9.44) |
3.05 (1.16-7.98) |
1.59 (0.94-2.69) |
1.88 (1.23-2.89) |
|
| Embryonal | 0.65 (0.28-1.47) |
1.96 (0.28-13.78) |
1.55 (0.36-6.68) |
1.06 (0.50-2.24) |
0.92 (0.29-2.90) |
|
| Bone | 2.02 (1.38-2.95) |
4.92 (1.60-15.13) |
0.92 (0.14-6.08) |
2.18 (1.23-3.86) |
1.01 (0.60-1.68) |
|
| Soft tissue sarcoma |
1.44 (0.89-2.33) |
0 - |
0 - |
1.78 (1.07-2.96) |
0.88 (0.36-2.12) |
|
| Germ cell, gonadal, trophoblastic |
1.36 (0.81-2.29) |
0 - |
0 - |
1.42 (0.77-2.63) |
2.52 (1.59-3.98) |
|
| Thyroid carcinoma | 1.11 (0.72-1.73) |
0.82 (0.12-5.63) |
0.71 (0.10-4.93) |
0.54 (0.23-1.24) |
1.04 (0.52-2.07) |
|
| Non-basal/squamous cell skin |
1.39 (0.90-2.15) |
0 - |
1.22 (0.17-8.59) |
1.49 (0.78-2.83) |
0.90 (0.35-2.34) |
|
| Other carcinoma | 1.47 (0.85-2.55) |
2.82 (0.37-21.83) |
1.13 (0.17-7.68) |
1.17 (0.64-2.15) |
1.43 (0.72-2.81) |
|
| Other | 0.31 (0.05-1.76) |
0 - |
2.77 (0.41-18.67) |
1.07 (0.38-2.96) |
2.79 (1.17-6.68) |
|
| Primary cancer site | ||||||
| Abdomen | 1.19 (0.85-1.66) |
0.64 (0.09-4.67) |
0.98 (0.33-2.92) |
1.48 (1.05-2.09) |
1.72 (1.22-2.43) |
|
| Pelvis only | 1.28 (0.86-1.93) |
0.97 (0.13-7.05) |
0.94 (0.25-3.59) |
1.37 (0.87-2.13) |
1.93 (1.30-2.86) |
|
| Diagnosis year | ||||||
| 1973-79 | 1.03 (0.77-1.40) |
2.03 (0.81-5.09) |
1.80 (0.75-4.30) |
1.38 (1.00-1.90) |
1.37 (0.98-1.92) |
|
| 1980-89 | 1.13 (0.91-1.40) |
0.82 (0.31-2.21) |
0.99 (0.47-2.08) |
1.52 (1.19-1.93) |
1.30 (1.01-1.68) |
|
| 1990-2000 | 1.30 (0.97-1.76) |
0.39 (0.05-2.88) |
1.45 (0.65-3.19) |
1.85 (1.33-2.56) |
1.21 (0.86-1.70) |
|
| Age at diagnosis | ||||||
| <5 years | 0.83 (0.46-1.52) |
0.99 (0.14-7.01) |
2.03 (0.78-5.25) |
1.56 (0.88-2.78) |
1.59 (0.93-2.69) |
|
| 5-9 years | 1.22 (0.78-1.92) |
3.16 (1.00-10.01) |
1.32 (0.31-5.65) |
2.00 (1.28-3.10) |
1.31 (0.78-2.21) |
|
| 10-14 years | 1.27 (0.96-1.67) |
1.26 (0.40-4.00) |
0.31 (0.04-2.18) |
1.61 (1.16-2.24) |
1.35 (0.98-1.86) |
|
| 15-19 years | 1.12 (0.91-1.38) |
0.55 (0.18-1.70) |
1.53 (0.85-2.73) |
1.45 (1.15-1.82) |
1.26 (0.99-1.60) |
|
| Time since diagnosis | ||||||
| <2 years | 1.23 (0.68-2.20) |
0 - |
2.16 (0.56-8.35) |
2.58 (1.72-3.87) |
1.38 (0.97-1.97) |
|
| 2-5 years | 1.03 (0.75-1.43) |
0.48 (0.07-3.39) |
1.59 (0.73-3.45) |
1.43 (1.07-1.91) |
1.17 (0.84-1.63) |
|
| 6-10 years | 1.39 (1.08-1.79) |
0.79 (0.20-3.17) |
0.70 (0.23-2.14) |
1.49 (1.08-2.05) |
1.22 (0.84-1.76) |
|
| >10 years | 1.03 (0.81-1.32) |
1.52 (0.72-3.21) |
1.42 (0.67-2.99) |
1.44 (1.05-1.99) |
1.55 (1.14-2.11) |
|
| Cancer treatment | ||||||
| Chemotherapy only |
1.22 (0.83-1.80) |
1.25 (0.31-4.99) |
2.45 (1.16-5.17) |
1.99 (1.38-2.86) |
1.56 (1.10-2.22) |
|
| Surgery only | 1.25 (0.99-1.58) |
0.80 (0.25-2.56) |
0.91 (0.34-2.44) |
1.35 (1.01-1.82) |
0.97 (0.68-1.38) |
|
| Radiotherapy only |
1.06 (0.66-1.70) |
1.34 (0.18-9.84) |
0.80 (0.12-5.45) |
1.06 (0.56-2.00) |
1.34 (0.62-2.90) |
|
| Chemotherapy +surgery |
1.34 (0.86-2.09) |
2.54 (0.67-9.65) |
1.23 (0.32-4.64) |
1.63 (0.99-2.68) |
1.40 (0.91-2.14) |
|
| Chemotherapy +radiotherapy |
1.04 (0.64-1.68) |
0.89 (0.13-6.12) |
0.59 (0.08-4.14) |
2.22 (1.45-3.40) |
1.40 (0.98-2.00) |
|
| Surgery +radiotherapy |
1.02 (0.64-1.61) |
0.95 (0.13-7.10) |
1.98 (0.65-6.07) |
1.04 (0.55-1.97) |
1.50 (0.75-2.99) |
|
| Chemotherapy +surgery +radiotherapy |
0.90 (0.44-1.87) |
0 - |
0 - |
2.14 (1.27-3.63) |
1.19 (0.53-2.69) |
|
| Other / unknown |
0.52 (0.14-1.93) |
0 - |
2.64 (0.28-25.08) |
1.32 (0.59-2.97) |
2.26 (1.21-4.24) |
|
| Any chemotherapy | 1.15 (0.91-1.47) |
1.26 (0.53-3.04) |
1.39 (0.73-2.63) |
1.98 (1.58-2.48) |
1.43 (1.16-1.78) |
|
| Any surgery | 1.18 (0.98-1.43) |
0.98 (0.42-2.28) |
1.10 (0.57-2.12) |
1.42 (1.13-1.77) |
1.14 (0.89-1.46) |
|
| Any radiotherapy | 1.02 (0.79-1.33) |
0.90 (0.29-2.81) |
0.97 (0.40-2.32) |
1.57 (1.19-2.06) |
1.38 (1.03-1.85) |
|
1
Adjusted for state, maternal age, year of delivery, race/ethnicity, and parity.
2
Also adjusted for gestational length (<32, 32-36, 37-41, ≥42 weeks).