Unrelated proteins with high percentage identity. Hemoglobin β-chain (pdb code 1hds chain b, ref. 38, Left) and cellulase E2 (pdb code 1tml, ref. 39, Right) have 39% identity over 64 residues, a level which is often believed to be indicative of homology. Despite this high degree of identity, their structures strongly suggest that these proteins are not related. Appropriately, neither the raw alignment score of 85 nor the E-value of 1.3 is significant. Proteins rendered by rasmol (40).