Table 2.

Low Maternal Vitamin D Level and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Infected Women in Tanzania

	Maternal vitamin D level, n/N (%)		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysisa
Outcome	Low	Adequate	RR (95% CI)	Pb	RR (95% CI)	Pb
Low birth weightc	28/261 (10.7)	52/414 (12.6)	0.85 (0.55–1.32)	.47	0.84 (0.55–1.28)	.42
Preterm birthd	69/289 (23.9)	135/469 (28.8)	0.83 (0.65–1.07)	.14	0.84 (0.65–1.07)	.15
Severe preterm birthe	26/289 (9.0)	44/469 (11.7)	0.77 (0.49–1.19)	.24	0.77 (0.50–1.18)	.23
Small for gestational agef	33/261 (12.6)	42/414 (10.1)	1.25 (0.81–1.91)	.31	1.25 (0.82–1.90)	.31
Adverse pregnancy outcomeg	99/289 (34.3)	174/469 (37.1)	0.92 (0.76–1.13)	.43	0.92 (0.76–1.12)	.41

NOTE. Data are the no. of offspring with the outcome/no. of offspring assessed (% of offspring with the outcome). CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.

^aAll multivariate models were adjusted for multivitamin supplementation, maternal age at baseline, CD4 cell counts at baseline, and HIV disease stage at baseline.

^bP values are derived from log-binomial regression models.

^cDefined as <2500 g.

^dDefined as delivery at <37 weeks’ gestation.

^eDefined as delivery at <34 weeks’ gestation.

^fBirth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age.

^gComposite of low birth weight, preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age status.