Table 3.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Mortality Outcomes up to 6 Weeks Postpartum among Offspring of HIV-Infected Women and the Association of Such Outcomes with a Low Maternal Vitamin D Level
| Maternal vitamin D level, n/N (%) |
Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysisa |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Low | Adequate | RR (95% CI) | Pb | RR (95% CI) | Pb |
| Fetal loss | 32/336 (9.5) | 33/519 (6.4) | 1.50 (0.94–2.39) | .09 | 1.05 (0.63–1.74)3 | .86 |
| Infant status at birth | ||||||
| HIV infected | 25/233 (10.7) | 24/370 (6.5) | 1.65 (0.97–2.83) | .07 | 1.54 (0.90–2.64) | .11 |
| HIV infected or dead | 57/265 (21.5) | 56/400 (14.0) | 1.54 (1.10–2.15) | .01 | 1.49 (1.07–2.09) | .02 |
| Infant status at 6 weeks of age | ||||||
| HIV infected | 33/120 (27.5) | 46/239 (19.3) | 1.43 (0.97–2.11) | .07 | 1.50 (1.02–2.20) | .04 |
| HIV infected after having been HIV uninfected at birth | 21/97 (21.7) | 32/196 (16.3) | 1.33 (0.81–2.17) | .26 | 1.40 (0.86–2.28) | .17 |
NOTE. Data are the no. of offspring with the outcome/no. of offspring assessed (% of offspring with the outcome). CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.
a
All multivariate models adjusted for multivitamin supplementation, maternal age at baseline, CD4 cell counts at baseline, and HIV disease stage at baseline.
b
P values are derived from binomial regression models.
c Adjusted for continuous CD8 cell counts at baseline and primiparity in addition to the covariates in footnote a.