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. 2009 Jul 7;94(10):3798–3805. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0332

Table 3.

Biomarkers of bone turnover and calcium regulating hormones at baseline and at the end of each intervention

Variable Intervention, mean ± sd (minimum, maximum)
Baseline Estradiol/risedronate Soy cotyledon Soy germ Red clover Kudzu P value
Serum BAP, ng/ml 15.8 ± 5.0 (9.6, 25.0) 12.6 ± 5.9 (0.3, 23.3) 14.6 ± 4.2 (9.1, 21.5) 13.3 ± 7.3 (0.3, 23.0) 12.6 ± 5.5 (0.3, 21.4) 15.2 ± 6.9 (0.3, 25.5) n.s.
Serum Alk Phos, U/liter 82.4 ± 23.2a (42, 125) 73.1 ± 22.8 (42, 115) 78.9 ± 26.4 (43, 133) 69.2 ± 27.5 (1, 94) 59.1 ± 31.5b (3, 112) 82.9 ± 24.7 (39, 127) 0.0352
Urinary NTx/Cr,nmol BCE/mmol creatinine
 Fasting 27.9 ± 14.8 (9.1, 54.4) 20.5 ± 13.0 (5.6, 44.3) 18.7 ± 10.4 (1.3, 34.1) 28.4 ± 12.6 (6.7, 46.2) 23.3 ± 9.2 (8.4, 33.7) 30.7 ± 16.2 (9.0, 68.5) n.s.
 24 h 17.2 ± 9.9 (5.3, 39.5) 13.5 ± 6.8 (2.9, 21.6) 15.3 ± 7.2 (6.9, 30.0) 17.4 ± 7.2 (4.9, 27.1) 16.2 ± 6.5 (8.4, 31.3) 20.6 ± 8.5 (4.9, 33.0) n.s.
Urinary fDPD/Cr, nmol/mmol
 Fasting 6.1 ± 1.5 (4.1, 8.5) 6.6 ± 2.6 (3.9, 12.5) 5.3 ± 2.2 (0.6, 8.9) 6.1 ± 1.8 (4.2, 10.0) 5.9 ± 1.3 (4.5, 8.4) 6.0 ± 1.6 (3.9, 9.5) n.s.
 24 h 4.7 ± 1.5 (2.8, 7.1) 4.6 ± 1.2 (2.7, 7.0) 4.4 ± 1.0 (3.3, 6.6) 4.7 ± 1.3 (2.8, 7.2) 5.2 ± 1.7 (2.5, 8.0) 4.9 ± 0.9 (3.7, 6.7) n.s.
Urinary calcium, mmol/24 h 7.4 ± 3.1 (2.9, 14.3) 8.1 ± 7.1 (2.1, 25.4) 9.1 ± 7.9 (2.0, 26.3) 8.9 ± 5.9 (1.3, 22.6) 8.6 ± 4.6 (2.1, 14.7) 9.7 ± 8.0 (3.5, 28.7) n.s.
Urinary phosphorous, mmol/24 h 40.2 ± 12.9 (23.0, 68.9) 43.0 ± 28.1 (15.8, 114.2) 55.3 ± 27.1 (30.0, 101.7) 43.4 ± 19.5 (22.0, 71.1) 41.8 ± 15.8 (22.7, 74.6) 48.5 ± 27.2 (14.9, 99.2) n.s.
Serum PTH, pg/ml 40.0 ± 23.7 (15.8, 95.8) 45.6 ± 17.5 (28.5, 78.5) 41.5 ± 26.7 (10.7, 104.2) 40.5 ± 20.6 (14.9, 82.4) 43.9 ± 28.3 (11.5, 114.6) 35.3 ± 26.2 (11.2, 102.4) n.s.
Serum 25 (OH)D, ng/ml 22.9 ± 6.5 (8.9, 31.9) 24.4 ± 4.9 (18.5, 33.8) 26.7 ± 4.4 (20, 32.7) 24.2 ± 5.1 (17.6, 33.0) 24.3 ± 5.0 (17.3, 35.2) 25.9 ± 6.0 (19.3, 37.3 n.s.
Serum equol n = 11 20.0 ± 43.5 (0.4, 142.5) 4.6 ± 5.7a (0.2, 17.4) 644 ± 1358 (0, 4445) 1933 ± 3151b (0, 7845) 1703 ± 2601b (1, 7605) 5278 ± 12750b (0, 42100) 0.0002
Equol producers n = 5 38.2 ± 69.6 (2.1, 142.5) 5.0 ± 7.4 (1, 17.4) 1415 ± 1802 (7, 4445) 2869 ± 3280 (341, 7585) 3722 ± 2752 (915, 7605) 11604 ± 17739 (619, 42100) n.s.
Equol non producers n = 6 7.9 ± 8.2 (0, 20.7) 4.2 ± 4.3 (1, 11.5) 2 ± 1 (0, 4) 1309 ± 3202 (0, 7845) 21 ± 37 (1, 96) 6 ± 5 (0, 15) n.s.
Serum daidzein, nmol/liter 65.6 ± 112.7a (0, 383) 197.0 ± 577.4a (0, 1840) 2425 ± 1990b (7, 5010) 5663 ± 4489b (80, 13350) 1066 ± 1178b (59, 3395) 1809 ± 2091b (0, 6560) <0.0001
Serum DHD, nmol/liter 45.5 ± 99.2a (0, 321) 5.0 ± 6.8a (0, 21) 776 ± 733b (4, 2190) 1263 ± 970b (50, 2600) 762 ± 903b (25, 2410) 975 ± 1400b (0, 4570) <0.0001
Serum O-DMA, nmol/liter 5.2 ± 8.6a (0, 26.5) 2.2 ± 6.2a (0,19.6) 999 ± 1009b (0, 2385) 572 ± 535b (42, 1590) 282 ± 382 (0,1165) 366 ± 555 (0, 1765) 0.0004
Serum genistein, nmol/liter 74 ± 52a (17, 185) 126 ± 203a (15, 665) 3489 ± 3172b (24.5, 10350) 835 ± 694b (41, 2100) 138 ± 214a (9, 761) 101 ± 109a (19, 391) <0.0001
Serum total (aglycones) isoflavones, nmol/liter 210 ± 294a (39, 1033) 335 ± 573a (16, 1859) 8333 ± 5740b (38, 16400) 10266 ± 7930b (261, 25445) 3951 ± 2802b (396, 8554) 8529 ± 13510b (26, 45547) <0.0001

Different letter superscripts within a row indicate mean group differences. 

BAP, Bone alkaline phosphatase; Alk Phos, alkaline phosphatase; NTx, crosslinked N-telopeptides of type I collagen; Cr, creatinine; BCE, bone collagen equivalents; fDPD, free deoxypyridine; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; DHD, dehydrodaidzein; O-DMA, o-desmethylangolensin; n.s., not significant.