Table 1.

Demographic characteristics

	Control	Obese	T2D
n	12	13	14
Sex (% female)	50	46	50
Age (yr)	15.6 ± 1.8	14.9 ± 2.1	14.6 ± 2.2
Tanner stage	4.4 ± 0.7	4.6 ± 0.6	4.5 ± 0.8
BMI (kg/m2)	21.0 ± 2.4	32.1 ± 5.4a	33.4 ± 6.2a
BMI percentile	45%	96%	97%
Diabetes duration (yr)			1.6 ± 1.6
HbA-1c (%)	4.9 ± 0.3	5 ± 0.3	8 ± 2.2a,h
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	132 ± 22	178 ± 40b	176 ± 35b
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	82 ± 37	211 ± 168c	200 ± 136d
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	45 ± 8	42 ± 14	42 ± 10
Fasting C-peptide (ng/ml)	1.7 ± 0.6	3.8 ± 2.3	7 ± 5.5d
Fasting FFA (μEq/liter)	491 ± 310	583 ± 145	619 ± 87d
FFA during euglycemic clamp (μEq/liter)	48.9 ± 38.9	357 ± 484	241.4 ± 201e
Fasting insulin (μU/ml)	7.7 ± 3.5	27 ± 37	31 ± 20
Insulin during euglycemic clamp (μU/ml)	105 ± 35	134 ± 41	109 ± 44
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	83 ± 5	86 ± 9	121 ± 26a,g
Glucose during euglycemic clamp (mg/dl)	100 ± 4	100 ± 4	99 ± 3
Glucose disposal rate (mg · kg · min)	15.3 ± 4.7	8.1 ± 2.7a	4.1 ± 2.3a,f
Glucose disposal rate (mg · kg lean · body mass · min)	19.8 ± 4.6	14.6 ± 4.9c	7.8 ± 3.9a,g

^aP < 0.001 vs. controls; 

^bP < 0.01 vs. controls; 

^cP < 0.05 vs. controls; 

^dP < 0.02 vs. controls; 

^eP < 0.04 vs. controls; 

^fP < 0.02 vs. obese; 

^gP < 0.01 vs. obese; 

^hP < 0.001 vs. obese.