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. 2009 Sep 23;5:36. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-5-36

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Copyright © 2009 Pang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Mean relevant level (± SEM) of cytokine genes in the epididymis for bulls left untreated (Con), or castrated by banding (Band) or burdizzo (Burd). 12 h post castration, Burd animals had greater (P < 0.05) IL-6 mRNA level than Band and Con animals; Burd animals had greater (P < 0.05) IL-8 mRNA level than Band and Con animals; Burd animals had greater (P < 0.05) IL-10 mRNA level than Band animals. 24 h post castration, Burd animals had greater (P < 0.05) IL-6 mRNA level than Band and Con animals; ^{a, b}Means within a row (by time) that do not have common superscripts differ (P < 0.05).