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. 2009 Sep 23;5:36. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-5-36

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Mean relevant level (± SEM) of cytokine genes in the testis for bulls left untreated (Con), or castrated by banding (Band) or burdizzo (Burd). 12 h post castration, Burd animals had greater (P < 0.05) IFN-γ mRNA level than Band and Con animals; Band animals had greater (P < 0.05) IL-6 mRNA level than Burd animals; Burd animals had lower (P < 0.05) TNF-α mRNA level than Con animals. 24 h post castration, Burd animals had greater (P < 0.05) IFN-γ mRNA level than Band and Con animals; Burd animals had greater (P < 0.05) IL-8 mRNA level than Band and Con animals; Burd animals had lower (P < 0.05) TNF-α mRNA level than Con animals. a, bMeans within a row (by time) that do not have common superscripts differ (P < 0.05).