Table 2.
Odds ratios for seatbelt non-use according to demographic characteristics and seatbelt laws
| American Indian/Alaska Native (n = 4310) | Non-Hispanic white (n = 193,617) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) | Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–4 | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 1.8 (1.1–2.8) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.4 (1.4–1.5) |
| 35–4 | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) |
| 45–4 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) |
| 55–4a | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥65 | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Men | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 2.1 (2.1–2.2) | 2.1 (2.1–2.2) | 2.2 (2.1–2.2) |
| Womena | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Education | ||||||
| < 12 years | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | 1.7 (1.0–2.7) | 2.4 (2.2–2.5) | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) | 2.2 (2.0–2.3) |
| High school graduate | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) | 1.8 (1.8–1.9) | 1.8 (1.7–1.8) | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
| Some college | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 1.5 (1.4–1.5) | 1.4 (1.4–1.5) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) |
| College graduatea | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Region | ||||||
| Westa | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Southwest | 4.9 (2.5–9.8) | 4.5 (2.3–9.1) | 3.0 (1.5–6.1) | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) |
| Northern Plains | 12.4 (6.5–23.7) | 7.6 (3.8–15.2) | 4.0 (1.9–8.6) | 4.8 (4.4–5.4) | 4.0 (3.6–4.4) | 2.5 (2.2–2.7) |
| South Central | 3.8 (2.0–7.4) | 3.4 (1.8–6.8) | 2.9 (1.5–5.9) | 2.2 (1.9–2.4) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 1.7 (1.6–1.9) |
| Great Lakes | 5.5 (2.7–11.2) | 5.0 (2.5–10.0) | 3.0 (1.4–6.4) | 2.1 (1.9–2.3) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) |
| South & East | 4.3 (2.2–8.5) | 4.2 (2.1–8.2) | 3.0 (1.4–6.2) | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) |
| Alaska | 10.2 (5.3–19.7) | 8.2 (2.4–27.9) | 4.8 (1.3–17.3) | 2.7 (2.3–3.2) | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) |
| Urban-Rural | ||||||
| Metroa | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Large urban | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | ||
| Small urban | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 1.4 (1.4–1.5) | ||
| Rural | 2.6 (1.5–4.4) | 2.6 (1.5–4.4) | 1.7 (1.6–1.9) | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) | ||
| Missingd | 1.3 (0.5–3.7) | 1.2 (0.4–3.5) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | ||
| Seatbelt law | ||||||
| 1° law before 997a,b | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1° law 1997–002 | 1.4 (0.8–2.2) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | ||||
| No 1° law before 2002 | 2.1 (1.4–2.3) | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) | ||||
a
Reference group
b
CA, CT, GA, HI, IA, LA, NC, NM, NY, OR, TX
c
AL, DC, IN, MD, MI, NJ, OK, WA
d
Includes all participants in Alaska, which did not collect county codes that are used to determine urban-rural residency