Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations for primary study variables
| Grades 4 and 5 | Grades 7 and 8 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| ATHLETIC IDENTITY SUBSCALEa | ||||||||||||
| Appearance | 1–5 | 3.41 (0.69)** | 1–5 | 3.29 (0.72) | — | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.37 |
| Competence | 1.5–5 | 4.37 (0.57)*** | 1–5 | 4.23 (0.70) | 0.48 | — | 0.71 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.42 |
| Importance | 1–5 | 4.07 (0.71)**** | 1–5 | 3.82 (0.82) | 0.52 | 0.62 | — | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.42 |
| Encouragement from parents | 1.3–5 | 3.80 (0.85) | 1–5 | 3.83 (0.91) | 0.39 | 0.52 | 0.53 | — | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.15 | 0.25 |
| Encouragement from friends | 1–5 | 3.16 (1.07) | 1–5 | 3.23 (1.04) | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.40 | 0.54 | — | 0.49 | 0.15 | 0.19 |
| Encouragement from teachers | 1–5 | 3.31 (1.07)** | 1–5 | 3.49 (1.14) | 0.22 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.49 | 0.61 | — | 0.14 | 0.22 |
| MVPA, last 7 days | ||||||||||||
| PAQ-Cb | 1.1–4.5 | 2.99 (0.70) | — | — | 0.29 | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.32 | 0.31 | — | — |
| MAQ-Ac | — | — | 0–28 | 7.97 (4.60) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.32 |
| Competitive sports, last year | ||||||||||||
| Number of teamsd | 0–10 | 1.85 (1.76) | 0–11 | 1.81 (1.83) | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.29 | — |
Note: For the correlation matrix, the Pearson correlations for Grades 4–5 are on the left; those for Grades 7–8 are on the right.
Higher values indicate higher levels of the attribute, with responses ranging from 1 (strongly disagree/definitely no) to 5 (strongly agree/definitely yes).
Measures MVPA in past 7 days. Responses vary with the question asked, with 1–5 ranging from no activity to seven times or more, from low activity to high activity, and from none to very often.
MAQ-A: Responses are open-ended and represent number of sessions (20 min or more) of moderate and vigorous physical activity (added together) in past 7 days.
Teams response is open-ended and represents number of competitive sports teams in or outside of school in past year.
ANOVA results for child–adolescent group differences,
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001,
p<0.0001
AIQ, Athletic Identity Questionnaire; MAQ-A, Modifiable Activity Questionnaire-Adolescent; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PAQ-C, Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children