Figure 2. Equilibrium coexistence of a sexually reproducing parent population n _P invaded by an asexual mutant, n _M.

With the mutant having identical vital rates except for twice the intrinsic propagation rate per capita: b _M = 2⋅b _P, the parent species persists if α _PM<k _P /k _M. (A) Phase plane. (B) Equilibration of abundances over time given by Equation 1, with a 50% drop in the parent's intrinsic death rate imposed at t = 3 to illustrate approximate constancy of N = n _M+n _P.