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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 9.
Published in final edited form as: J Hum Kinet. 2008 Jan 1;19(19):3–24. doi: 10.2478/v10078-008-0001-2

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Control of a joint may be described with two variables, λf and λe on the torque-angle plane. The joint torque-angle haracteristic (thick lines) will represent the algebraic sum of the corresponding muscle characteristics. A: Shifts of both λf and λe in the same direction result in a shift of the joint characteristic parallel to the angle axis and may be associated with a reciprocal command (r). Shifts of λf and λe in opposite directions lead to a change in the slope of the joint characteristic and may be associated with a coactivation command (c).