Table 4.
In-hospital outcomes for all causes of confirmed bacterial meningitis (CBM), by study
| Reference | Country | No. CBM cases with known outcomes | CFR | No. cases assessed for sequelae | HL (%) | VL (%) | CD (%) | BP (%) | MI (%) | SZ (%) | Any neuropsychological sequelae (%) | Bacterial pathogens studied |
| [43] | Ethiopia | 32 | 34% | Spn, Hib, Nm, Gram negative enterococci | ||||||||
| [45] | Ethiopia | 124 | 2% | 121 | 3% | 8% | Nm | |||||
| [54] | Kenya | 224 | 33% | 150 | 27% | Spn, Hib, non-typhi Salmonella, enterobacteria, Streptococcus group A or B and others | ||||||
| [62] | Sudan | 108 | 4% | 104 | 3% | 2% | 5% | Nm | ||||
| [60] | Sudan | 43 | 19% | 35 | 20% | 11%a | 26% | Spn, Hib, Nm and others | ||||
| [38] | Cameroon | 174 | 30% | 121 | 17% | Spn, Hib, Nm, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, enterobacteria | ||||||
| [64] | Cameroon | 99 | 9% | 90 | 1%a | 1% | 4% | Spn, Hib, Nm | ||||
| [63] | Burkina Faso | 53 | 75% | Salmonella | ||||||||
| [66] | Burkina Faso | 92 | 22% | 72 | 7% | 18% | Hib | |||||
| [37] | Cote d'Ivoire | 654 | 41% | 380 | 6% | 1% | 2% | 19% | Spn, Hib | |||
| [53] | Cote d'Ivoire | 47 | 4% | 45 | 7% | Spn, Hib, Nm | ||||||
| [47] | Ghana | 67 | 27% | 49 | 8% | 2% | 6%a | 12% | Spn, Hib, Nm | |||
| [67] | Mali and Niger | 426 | 37% | 269 | 14% | Spn, Hib, Nm and others | ||||||
| [55] | Nigeria | 124 | 27% | 91 | 18% | Spn, Hib, Nm and others | ||||||
| [40] | Senegal | 511 | 18% | 420 | 21% | Spn, Hib, Nm | ||||||
| [56] | Angola | 403 | 33% | 270 | 24% | Spn, Hib, Nm, others | ||||||
| [57] | Madagascar | 83 | 31% | 57 | 30% | Spn, Hib, Nm | ||||||
| [51] | Malawi | 149 | 34% | 92 | 20% | Spn, Hib, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Group B Streptococcus, others | ||||||
| [52] | Malawi | 52 | 54% | Salmonella | ||||||||
| [44] | Gabon | 91 | 31% | 62 | 18% | Spn, Hib, Nm, Salmonella | ||||||
| [59] | Algeria | 57 | 4% | 55 | 2% | 2% | 4% | Hib | ||||
| [16] | Egypt | 160 | 51% | 78 | 8% | 6% | 18% | Tuberculosis | ||||
| [34] | Morocco | 118 | 1% | 117 | 9% | 3% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 21% | Nm | |
| [33] | Morocco | 141 | 9% | 128 | 27% | Spn | ||||||
| [15] | Tunisia | 73 | 14% | 61 | 7% | 2% | 5% | 3% | 34% | Spn | ||
| [42] | South Africa | 61 | 20% | 49 | 33% | 8% | 37% | 57% | Spn, Hib, Nm, others | |||
| [14] | South Africa | 79 | 30% | 55 | 5% | 38% | Spn |
This table presents data extracted on in-hospital sequelae among studies with at least 25 CBM survivors and case fatality ratios (CFRs) among studies with at least 25 CBM cases for all bacterial causes combined. The proportion of meningitis survivors with any kind of neuropsychological sequelae, either one or more deficits, ranged from 4% to 57%. The in-hospital CFR ranged from 1% to 75%. In many studies, the proportion of children affected by specific types of sequelae was not given. Most sequelae were diagnosed by clinical exam only during the course of hospitalisation.
aParalysis.
BP = behavioural problem; CD = cognitive delay; Hib = Haemophilus influenzae type b; HL = hearing loss; MI = motor impairment; Nm = Neisseria meningitidis; Spn = Streptococcus pneumoniae; SZ = seizures; VL = vision loss;