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Schematic representations of roles played by small non-coding RNAs in HIV-1 replication. Integrated HIV-1 provirus is transcribed into viral RNA which can be targeted by cellular miRNAs. HIV-1 transcripts can also be processed into small ncRNAs that could function in cellular RNAi pathway(s). The viral trans-activation responsive TAR RNA has been reported to be processed into a viral miRNA which could act to modulate the expression of cellular mRNAs.
