TABLE 3.
Associations Between HIV Test Receipt and Characteristics of Adult Male North Carolina State Prisoners: January 2004–May 2006
| No. | HIV Tested, % (No.) | RR (95% CI) | |
| Age group, y | |||
| ≥ 45 | 6 604 | 36.6 (2 415) | 1.94 (1.84, 2.03) |
| 35–44 | 12 243 | 38.3 (4 690) | 2.03 (1.94, 2.12) |
| 25–34 | 16 136 | 34.4 (5 557) | 1.82 (1.75, 1.90) |
| 18–24 (Ref) | 12 229 | 18.9 (2 309) | 1.00 |
| Race | |||
| Black | 26 221 | 27.7 (7 272) | 0.71 (0.70, 0.73) |
| Other | 2 992 | 23.6 (707) | 0.61 (0.57, 0.65) |
| White (Ref) | 17 999 | 38.9 (6 992) | 1.00 |
| Education | |||
| College | 3 464 | 35.7 (1 237) | 1.24 (1.18, 1.30) |
| High school graduate or GED | 22 209 | 33.8 (7 524) | 1.18 (1.14, 1.21) |
| Less than high school (Ref) | 21 539 | 28.8 (6 210) | 1.00 |
| Employment | |||
| Unemployed | 17 006 | 26.9 (4 581) | 0.78 (0.76, 0.81) |
| Employed (Ref) | 30 187 | 34.4 (10 385) | 1.00 |
| Marital status | |||
| Not married or separated | 40 295 | 31.4 (12 644) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.97) |
| Married (Ref) | 6 897 | 33.7 (2 325) | 1.00 |
| IQ test result | |||
| ≤ 80 | 11 893 | 26.4 (3 141) | 0.69 (0.66, 0.71) |
| 81–100 | 26 098 | 31.7 (8 280) | 0.82 (0.80, 0.85) |
| ≥ 101 (Ref) | 9 221 | 38.5 (3 550) | 1.00 |
| Previous time served, mo | |||
| None | 20 793 | 27.0 (5 604) | 0.74 (0.72, 0.77) |
| > 0–6 | 6 540 | 34.7 (2 269) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) |
| 7–12 | 4 777 | 34.2 (1 634) | 0.95 (0.90, 0.99) |
| ≥ 13 (Ref) | 15 102 | 36.2 (5 464) | 1.00 |
| Sentence length,a mo | |||
| ≥ 19 | 13 860 | 30.0 (4 161) | 0.79 (0.76, 0.82) |
| 7–18 | 11 610 | 31.1 (3 615) | 0.82 (0.79, 0.85) |
| 3–6 | 10 214 | 28.8 (2 938) | 0.75 (0.72, 0.78) |
| < 3 (Ref) | 9 152 | 38.2 (3 496) | 1.00 |
| Drug-related conviction ever | |||
| Yes | 17 698 | 30.0 (5 314) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.94) |
| No (Ref) | 29 514 | 32.7 (9 657) | 1.00 |
| Sex-related conviction ever | |||
| Yes | 2 902 | 28.2 (819) | 0.88 (0.83, 0.94) |
| No (Ref) | 44 310 | 31.9 (14 152) | 1.00 |
| Cocaine or crack use ever | |||
| Yes | 15 425 | 36.7 (5 667) | 1.26 (1.22, 1.29) |
| No (Ref) | 31 787 | 29.3 (9 304) | 1.00 |
| Heroin use ever | |||
| Yes | 872 | 39.7 (346) | 1.26 (1.16, 1.37) |
| No (Ref) | 46 340 | 31.6 (14 625) | 1.00 |
| MSM | |||
| Yes | 268 | 38.8 (104) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) |
| No (Ref) | 38 611 | 35.3 (13 622) | 1.00 |
| Multiple sexual partnersb | |||
| Yes | 8 224 | 29.3 (2 410) | 0.79 (0.77, 0.82) |
| No (Ref) | 30 655 | 36.9 (11 316) | 1.00 |
| Prostitutionb | |||
| Yes | 2 276 | 37.9 (863) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) |
| No (Ref) | 36 603 | 35.1 (12 863) | 1.00 |
| Shared needlesb | |||
| Yes | 1 163 | 34.9 (406) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) |
| No (Ref) | 37 716 | 35.3 (13 320) | 1.00 |
| Blood transfusionb | |||
| Yes | 277 | 45.1 (125) | 1.28 (1.12, 1.46) |
| No (Ref) | 38 602 | 35.2 (13 601) | 1.00 |
| Mental healthc | |||
| Axis I | 1 107 | 40.1 (444) | 1.28 (1.19, 1.37) |
| Axis II | 1 263 | 34.3 (433) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.18) |
| Neither (Ref) | 44 842 | 31.4 (14 094) | 1.00 |
| HCV | |||
| Positive | 1485 | 55.4 (822) | 0.89 (0.82, 0.97) |
| Negative (Ref) | 531 | 62.0 (329) | 1.00 |
| No test | 45 196 | 30.6 (13 820) | |
| Syphilis | |||
| Positive | 1 956 | 39.8 (778) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) |
| Negative (Ref) | 33 962 | 39.4 (13 380) | 1.00 |
| No test | 11 294 | 7.2 (813) | |
| Tuberculosis | |||
| Positive | 1 797 | 35.5 (637) | 1.12 (1.05, 1.20) |
| Negative (Ref) | 45 415 | 31.63 (1 434) | 1.00 |
Note. MSM = men who have sex with men; RR = relative risk.
a
Prisoners with missing data who were tested for HIV = 32.0% (761 of 2376).
b
Prisoners with missing data who were tested for HIV = 14.9% (1245 of 8333).
c
Axis I: psychosis, bipolar disorder, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and dementia. Axis II: personality disorder, developmental disability.