Table 1.

Descriptive data, hemodynamics, and plasma substrate levels of untreated and treated ZDF (fa/fa) rats

	ZDF		ZDF+Metformin		ZDF+Rosiglitazone
	W14	Δ	W14	Δ	W14	Δ
Weight (g)	316.35±17.66	27.73±11.63*	330.32±50.35	32.08±46.53	328.17±17.56	184.50±32.14†,‡
HR (bpm)	207.17±13.29	−0.75±4.99	216.67±26.34	−22.50±17.80	223.33±34.21	−1.33±13.25
HbA1C (%)	7.72±0.66	−0.33±0.45	6.98±1.36	−1.52±0.55†	7.67±0.50	−3.27±0.39†,‡
Insulin (mU/mL)	26.24±6.97	−8.17±12.58	28.24±15.01	6.31±32.37	42.18±22.13	−14.05±32.92
Glucose (mM)	18.28±4.97	4.30±4.85	22.94±3.38	−1.52±5.33	16.91±5.23	4.89±6.69
FFA (mM)	1.73±0.68	0.19±1.32	2.95±1.12	0.26±1.24	2.91±1.24	−0.88±1.19
MBF (mL/g/min)	5.30±0.92	0.12±1.37	5.12±1.66	0.33±2.84	5.42±2.60	−0.45±2.51
MVO2 (mmol/g/min)	33.89±6.12	1.46±11.03	30.60±6.14	3.44±8.25	34.31±3.75	8.24±12.15

Average baseline (W14) and change from baseline (Δ).

Values are represented as mean ± 1 standard deviation

^*Significantly higher than week 14

^†Treatment response significantly higher than no treatment

^‡Treatment response significantly higher than Metformin treatment

P-value P<0.05 was considered significant

HR, heart rate; HbA1C, glycosylated hemoglobin; FFA, free fatty acids; MBF, myocardial blood flow; MVO₂, Myocardial oxygen consumption