Table A1.
Description and distribution of other study variables
| Variable name | Definition | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample (N=1774) | African ancestry (N=740) | No African ancestry (N=1034) | ||
| Father’s education-Less than primary b | Indicator (0,1) for below primary school education (%) | 44.6 | 48.9*** | 41.6*** |
| Father’s education-Incomplete secondary b | Indicator (0,1) for incomplete secondary school education (%) | 10.7 | 11.2 | 10.3 |
| Father’s education-Secondary b | Indicator (0,1) for highest father’s education of secondary school (%) | 17.9 | 15.3** | 19.8** |
| Father’s education-University b | Indicator (0,1) for highest father’s education of university education (%) | 7.3 | 5.4** | 8.6** |
| Maternal employment | Indicator (0,1) for maternal employment status (%) | 42.8 | 41.2 | 43.9 |
| Father’s employment | Indicator (0,1) for father’s employment status (%) | 95.3 | 93.9** | 96.2** |
| African ancestry | Indicator (0,1) for infant having African ancestry (%) | 41.7 | - | - |
| Native ancestry | Indicator (0,1) for infant having native ancestry (%) | 53.6 | 43.4*** | 60.8*** |
| European Latin ancestry | Indicator (0,1) for infant having Latin European ancestry (%) | 57.4 | 58.6 | 56.6 |
| European non-Latin ancestry | Indicator (0,1) for infant having non-Latin European ancestry (%) | 19.0 | 9.7*** | 25.6*** |
| Other ancestry | Indicator (0,1) for infant having other ancestry | 2.6 | 1.5*** | 3.5*** |
| Pregnancy year 95 c | Indicator (0,1) for pregnancy in 1995 (%) | 8.6 | 7.2* | 9.6* |
| Pregnancy year 96 c | Indicator (0,1) for pregnancy in 1996 (%) | 10.7 | 10.0 | 11.2 |
| Pregnancy year 97 c | Indicator (0,1) for pregnancy in 1997 (%) | 10.3 | 8.0*** | 12.0*** |
| Pregnancy year 98 c | Indicator (0,1) for pregnancy in 1998 (%) | 11.6 | 10.5 | 12.4 |
| Pregnancy year 99 c | Indicator (0,1) for pregnancy in 1999 (%) | 13.8 | 14.2 | 13.4 |
| Pregnancy year 00 c | Indicator (0,1) for pregnancy in 2000 (%) | 16.1 | 15.5 | 16.5 |
| Pregnancy year 01 c | Indicator (0,1) for pregnancy in 2001 (%) | 19.1 | 23.4*** | 16.0*** |
| Pregnancy year 02 c | Indicator (0,1) for pregnancy in 2002 (%) | 4.2 | 5.3* | 3.5* |
| Minas Gerais d | Indicator (0,1) for a sampled birth in the state of Minas Gerais (%) | 15.1 | 29.9*** | 4.5*** |
| Paraiba d | Indicator (0,1) for a sampled birth in the state of Paraiba (%) | 3.0 | 6.2*** | 0.7*** |
| Rio Grande do Sul d | Indicator (0,1) for a sampled birth in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (%) | 23.6 | 15.8*** | 29.2*** |
| Santa Catarina d | Indicator (0,1) for a sampled birth in the state of Santa Catarina (%) | 22.8 | 12.0*** | 30.5*** |
Note:
b
Reference category is completed primary school;
c
Reference category is year 1994;
d
Reference category is the state of Sao Paulo.
*, ** and *** indicate significant differences by African ancestry at p<0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 respectively.