List 1.

Risks of Untreated Maternal Depression

	Negative Impact	Results	References
Women	Inability to attach to baby	Child abuse/neglect	Civic & Holt, 2000; Scott, 1992
	Chronic depression	Minimal responsiveness to child interaction cues	Nonacs et al, 2005
	Exacerbation of mental health symptoms	Suicide, infanticide	Peel, 2001
Children	Inability to attach to mother	Impaired social, emotional, behavioral and cognitive development	Civic & Holt, 2000; Murray & Cooper, 1997; Nonacs et al, 2005
	Prolonged exposure to maternal depression	Mental health difficulties (e.g.: anxiety, substance abuse)	Campbell et al, 1995; Carter et al, 2001; Johnson et al, 2001; NICHD, 1999
Marital Relationship	Male partner experiences the woman with PPD as overwhelming, isolating, stigmatizing and frustrating	Conflict in the marital relationship	Davey et al, 2006
Society	Limited public understanding of PPD	Blaming and “punishing” the woman (ie: imprisonment, denial of mental health services by HMOs)	Hickman & LeVine, 1992; Peel, 2001