Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of children’s dietary patterns by neighborhood disadvantage group (higher quartiles indicate greater disadvantage). Means (standard deviations).
| Neighborhood Disadvantagea | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total Sample N = 182 | Quartile 1 n = 50 (28%) | Quartile 2 n = 48 (27%) | Quartile 3 n = 50 (28%) | Quartile 4 n = 34 (19%) |
| Diet | |||||
| Total energy (kcald) | 1910.9(419.8) | 1890.54(474.1) | 1949.50(334.59) | 1866.2(385.1) | 1940.7(475.9) |
| Protein ge | 14.8(3.4) | 13.7(3.2)b | 14.7(2.7)bc | 16.0(3.5)c | 15.0(3.7)bc |
| Fat ge | 34.8(6.0) | 34.3(5.8)bc | 33.4(7.0)b | 35.1(5.0)bc | 36.3(5.8)c |
| Carbohydrate ge | 51.4(7.7) | 53.3(6.8) | 53.0(8.1) | 50.0(6.5) | 49.5(8.6) |
| Trans fat (ge) | 6.4(2.9) | 6.0(2.5) | 6.1(3.0) | 6.9(2.7) | 7.15(3.5) |
| Sodium (mgf) | 3233.3(984.9) | 2885.2(811.4)b | 3212.2(838.8)bc | 3304.4(873.0)bc | 3549.8(1272.5)c |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age | 9.5(1.55) | 9.7(1.5) | 9.6(1.6) | 9.2(1.5) | 9.7(1.5) |
| SESg | 39.8(14.35) | 44.4(13.6)b | 39.5(15.3)bc | 37.9(14.6)bc | 37.0(12.7)c |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic American | 26.2 | 26.0 | 31.2 | 30.0 | 17.0 |
| European American | 45.1 | 60.0 | 54.2 | 24.0 | 19.2 |
| African American | 28.7 | 14.0 | 14.6 | 46.0 | 63.8 |
| Food Habits | |||||
| Fast Foodh | 0.9(0.8) | 0.8(0.8) | 0.9(0.8) | 1.0(0.7) | 1.1(0.8) |
| Meal frequencyi | 3.1(1.1) | 3.2(1.1) | 3.0(1.1) | 3.2(1.0) | 2.8(1.1) |
a
Neighborhood disadvantage index includes census tract level percent unemployment, poverty, single female headed households with dependent children, and vacant housing. Higher quartiles indicate greater disadvantage.
b,c
denote significant group differences at p<.05.
d
kcal = kilocalories
e
g = grams expressed as percentage of calories
f
mg = miligrams
g
SES = socioeconomic status
h
Fast food refers to the number of times fast food was eaten in the past 7 days
i
Meal frequency is the number of times the child eats 3 meals per day