Table 3.

Hazard ratios (HR; 95% CI) for all-cause, cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, other cardiovascular, and cancer mortality by tertile of blood lead at baseline.

	Tertile of Blood Pb
	1st	2nd	3rd	p-trend
	<0.19 μmol/L (<4 μg/dL)	0.19–0.29 μmol/L (4–6 μg/dL)	>0.29 μmol/L (>6 μg/dL)
N	320	561	354
Follow-up, years	2,472	4,431	2,867
Allcause
Deaths	72	144	110
Crude	Ref	1.11 (0.84–1.47)	1.27 (0.94–1.71)	0.11
Multivariable 1*	Ref	0.81 (0.53–1.25)	0.93 (0.59–1.45)	0.84
Multivariable 2†	Ref	0.69 (0.41–1.19)	0.84 (0.50–1.42)	0.67
All cardiovascular
Deaths	38	84	63
Crude	Ref	1.23 (0.84–1.80)	1.40 (0.94–2.09)	0.10
Multivariable 1*	Ref	0.86 (0.49–1.51)	0.99 (0.55–1.78)	0.96
Multivariable 2†	Ref	0.63 (0.29–1.38)	0.69 (0.33–1.47)	0.44
Ischemic heart disease
Deaths	17	36	29
Crude	Ref	1.19 (0.67–2.11)	1.44 (0.79–2.61)	0.23
Multivariable 1*	Ref	1.13 (0.49–2.62)	1.30 (0.54–3.17)	0.55
Multivariable 2†	Ref	1.02 (0.32–3.21)	1.04 (0.33–3.22)	0.95
Other cardiovascular
Deaths	21	48	34
Crude	Ref	1.26 (0.76–2.11)	1.37 (0.80–2.36)	0.27
Multivariable 1*	Ref	0.64 (0.28–1.46)	0.77 (0.34–1.74)	0.65
Multivariable 2	Ref	0.30 (0.09–1.03)	0.39 (0.12–1.23)	0.23
Cancer
Deaths	28	57	40
Crude	Ref	1.12 (0.71–1.76)	1.17 (0.72–1.91)	0.52
Multivariable 1*	Ref	0.84 (0.44–1.62)	0.67 (0.33–1.37)	0.26
Multivariable 2‡	Ref	1.03 (0.42–2.55)	0.53 (0.20–1.39)	0.15

^*Adjusted for age, smoking (never/former/current & packyears), and education.

^†Same model, but excluding the 212 participants (72 deaths) who had ischemic heart disease (201) or stroke (12) at baseline.

^‡Multivariable models of cancer excluding 197 participants (40 deaths) with cancer at baseline.