Table 4.
Mean (SD) values of secondary outcomes: comparison of sustained beneficial change* and no sustained beneficial change groups in each study year.
| Outcome | Time | Sustained beneficial change | No sustained beneficial change | Difference | p-value | ||
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | Mean (95% CI) | |||
| Weight (Kg) | |||||||
| Year 0 | 47 | 91.4 (12.8) | 55 | 92.6 (15.6) | -1.2 (-6.9, 4.5) | 0.68 | |
| Year 1 | 47 | 88.4 (14.7) | 35 | 93.0 (13.8) | -4.6 (-10.8, 1.6) | 0.15 | |
| Year 2 | 47 | 87.0 (13.7) | 25 | 93.5 (17.0) | -6.5 (-13.8, 0.9) | 0.08 | |
| Year 3 | 43 | 86.7 (13.4) | 17 | 87.4 (9.2) | -0.7 (-7.8, 6.4) | 0.84 | |
| Year 4 | 43 | 87.9 (13.7) | 13 | 88.0 (10.1) | -0.1 (-8.3, 8.2) | 0.99 | |
| Year 5 | 32 | 88.4 (14.2) | 10 | 85.1 (11.7) | 3.3 (-6.8, 13.3) | 0.52 | |
| Activity(score/day) | |||||||
| Year 0 | 37 | 93.6 (8.3) | 49 | 103.1 (16.7) | -9.5 (-15.4,-3.5) | 0.002 | |
| Year 1 | 33 | 101.0 (12.8) | 26 | 100.9 (14.0) | 0.1 (-6.9, 7.07) | 0.99 | |
| Year 2 | 31 | 102.5 (12.4) | 18 | 96.6 (14.1) | 6.0 (-1.8, 13.8) | 0.13 | |
| Year 3 | 33 | 106.4 (17.0) | 18 | 100.6 (11.2) | 5.8 (-3.1, 14.7) | 0.20 | |
| Year 4 | 34 | 105.3 (11.6) | 13 | 97.9 (12.6) | 7.5 (-0.3, 15.2) | 0.06 | |
| Year 5 | 22 | 103.7 (15.5) | 10 | 103.2 (11.5) | 0.4 (-10.8, 11.7) | 0.94 | |
| Fibre (g/day) | |||||||
| Year 0 | 30 | 17.6 (6.1) | 54 | 20.5 (6.5) | -2.9 (-5.8, -0.0) | 0.050 | |
| Year 1 | 29 | 22.4 (10.2) | 37 | 16.2 (6.3) | 6.2 (2.2, 10.3) | 0.003 | |
| Year 2 | 27 | 24.4 (10.0) | 32 | 17.8 (6.8) | 6.6 (2.2, 11.0) | 0.004 | |
| Year 3 | 27 | 21.2 (8.1) | 26 | 15.7 (5.3) | 5.5 (1.7, 9.3) | 0.005 | |
| Year 4 | 24 | 21.5 (7.9) | 22 | 16.7 (7.4) | 4.7 (0.2, 9.3) | 0.043 | |
| Year 5 | 20 | 20.6 (8.2) | 13 | 15.1 (4.9) | 5.4 (0.3, 10.6) | 0.039 | |
| Fat (% energy) | |||||||
| Year 0 | 42 | 37 (07) | 51 | 31 (09) | 6.2 (2.6, 9.7) | 0.001 | |
| Year 1 | 39 | 31 (10) | 27 | 34 (06) | -2.2 (6.5, 2.1) | 0.306 | |
| Year 2 | 37 | 31 (06) | 22 | 35 (06) | -4.4 (7.8, -1.0) | 0.011 | |
| Year 3 | 41 | 29 (07) | 12 | 36 (07) | -6.2 (-1.1, -1.7) | 0.007 | |
| Year 4 | 36 | 29 (06) | 10 | 35 (06) | -5.2 (-9.5, -0.9) | 0.02 | |
| Year 5 | 24 | 30 (07) | 9 | 38 (05) | -8.3 (-13.5, -3.1) | 0.003 | |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | |||||||
| Year 0 | 31 | 44(07) | 52 | 49(08) | -4.5(-8.1,1.0) | 0.013 | |
| Year 1 | 28 | 48(11) | 38 | 48(10) | -0.3(-5.4,4.6) | 0.89 | |
| Year 2 | 26 | 50(07) | 33 | 46(10) | 3.3(-1.2, 7.9) | 0.15 | |
| Year 3 | 31 | 52(08) | 22 | 44(11) | 8.4(3.1, 13.7) | 0.002 | |
| Year 4 | 28 | 51(10) | 18 | 47(08) | 3.5(-2.1, 9.1) | 0.22 | |
| Year 5 | 21 | 48(09) | 12 | 47(07) | 1.0(-5.2, 7.2) | 0.74 |
* Sustained beneficial change in secondary outcome measures was defined as: a beneficial change (>0.01 units) maintained for two or more years (i.e. weight loss, reduction in % energy intake from fat, increase in % intake from carbohydrate, increase in intake of dietary fibre and increase in physical activity score).